The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the front of your neck, but it has an outsized impact on your health. It produces hormones that regulate your metabolism, energy levels, heart rate, body temperature, and much more. When the thyroid is not working properly, it can affect nearly every system in your body.

Hypothyroidism vs Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid disorders generally fall into two categories:

  • Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid): The thyroid does not produce enough hormones. This is the more common condition, especially in Nepal's hill and mountain regions where iodine deficiency has historically been a concern.
  • Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid): The thyroid produces too much hormone, speeding up your body's processes.

Signs of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism develops slowly, so many people do not notice symptoms for months or even years. Watch for:

  • Persistent fatigue and low energy
  • Unexplained weight gain
  • Hair loss or thinning hair
  • Dry skin
  • Feeling cold when others are comfortable
  • Constipation
  • Depression or low mood
  • Irregular or heavy menstrual periods
  • Muscle aches and joint pain

Signs of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism tends to cause the opposite set of symptoms:

  • Unexplained weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat
  • Anxiety, nervousness, or irritability
  • Trembling hands
  • Excessive sweating
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Frequent bowel movements

Who Is at Risk?

Thyroid problems are more common in:

  • Women — women are 5 to 8 times more likely to develop thyroid disorders than men
  • People over 40
  • Those with a family history of thyroid disease
  • People in iodine-deficient areas — goitre (enlarged thyroid) has historically been prevalent in Nepal's hill regions, though iodised salt programs have reduced this significantly

What Is a Thyroid Function Test (TFT)?

A TFT is a simple blood test that measures:

  • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): This is usually the first test ordered. A high TSH suggests hypothyroidism; a low TSH suggests hyperthyroidism.
  • Free T4 (Thyroxine): The main hormone produced by the thyroid.
  • Free T3 (Triiodothyronine): The more active form of thyroid hormone.

Normal TSH is generally between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/L, though your doctor may adjust the target range based on your age and condition.

Key Takeaway: If you are experiencing persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, or hair loss, do not dismiss these symptoms. A simple TFT blood test can identify thyroid problems early, when treatment is most effective.

Peoples Diagnostics offers comprehensive thyroid panels including TSH, Free T3, and Free T4 with same-day results. Book your test online or call us at 01-4891152.